Hawthorne, Crataegus spp - A large shrub 10 to 40' tall with similar crown spread. Soil/site: prefers moist, well-drained soil and grows best in full sun. Uses: Recommended uses include windbreaks, hedge rows and wildlife plantings such as woodland edges, openings, and log yards. Fruit: persistent through winter.Wildlife value: provides winter food food for mammals including ruffed grouse, pheasant, gray fox, cottontail rabbits, and whitetail deer; preferred by songbirds for nesting due to dense branching habit. Nesting: songbirds. Seed Source: New Hampshire.

Non-native plant species are offered as alternative choices because of their benefit to wildlife and for their utility uses such as erosion control and site reclamation. Disclaimer: these plants are intended primarily for wildlife and songbird use. Some species may contain toxins harmful to humans if consumed.